Kim Philby, born on January 1st, 1912, is one of the best known double agents of the Cold War era. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. In January 1963, shortly after Philby's 51st birthday, a call came inviting him to a meeting at the British Embassy with the MI6 head of station. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. I picture him in a denim shirt, sleeves rolled up, leaning into a match and taking a drag of his cigarette, holding it there for a moment in that way of his, before looking up. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. , 2022. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 - 11 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union.In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War.Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most . A journalist who popped round to see him the day after the news of Blake's sentence broke remembered him 'looking terrible, nursing a hangover and incoherent. [62] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. It was months after Kim had boarded a freighter from Beirut and disappeared, and by then suspicions had already been aroused. They flocked around him at parties, hovering expectantly, unable to take their eyes off him. Those most familiar with Aileen's difficulties saw other causes. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". These were life-or-death questions that tormented Philby night and day. There, he underwent MI5 interrogation aimed at ascertaining whether he had acted as a "third man" in Burgess and Maclean's spy ring. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. At first glance he was an unlikely Lothario. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had sent dozens of agents to their deaths. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. Thinking Philby a bit lost and alone in Beirut, she took him under her wing and within days they were meeting regularly deux, often while Sam was out of town. Soon everybody in Beirut had a tale of his alcoholic excess, often with Eleanor matching him drink for drink. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. The two had drunk a great deal of bourbon together and traded top-grade diplomatic tittle-tattle. Philby, suspected of being the so-called Third Man, swore that he did not know Maclean. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. Philby himself thought this might have been the case. While a student at the University of Cambridge, Philby became a communist and in 1933 a Soviet agent. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. 2023-01-17 23:56. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. But when the Foreign Secretary, Harold Macmillan, announced that he had no reason to conclude that Philby had betrayed his country, the headmaster told him: ''Good news, Philby. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. Its one piece in a chain of evidence that suggests bearing the moniker Philby, not least when the exposure was still so raw, would have presented some challenge. It was over a bottle of red at his home in a remote pocket of south-east France, not long before he died. My God, how I despise you now. Would the British arrest him before he could get away? After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. When people, noting his name, asked, ''No relation, I hope?'' He was apparently with two men. . Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. As far as Im concerned, Kims real betrayal like many men before him and since was his walking out on his children. It had been Bill Harvey who had laid out . He wouldnt be insulted with offers of money for an exclusive and told her in no uncertain terms: I dont give a f**k about telling my story.. He was of both a generation and breeding that favours a stiff upper lip. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. "A good man needs to hold out sometimes.". While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. As open-minded as he was close-lipped (in both senses mostly very and sometimes not at all), my father believed Kim had acted upon his devotion to Communism an ideological principal he deemed admirable against the rise of fascism. The Good Shepherd is a 2006 American spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie, and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast.Although it is a fictional film loosely based on real events of James Jesus Angleton, it is advertised as telling the untold story of the birth of counterintelligence in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Kim Philby, byname of Harold Adrian Russell Philby, (born January 1, 1912, Ambala, Indiadied May 11, 1988, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.), British intelligence officer until 1951 and the most successful Soviet double agent of the Cold War period. [60], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". John David Philby, who has died at 65, was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London. Please try again later. I was born and bred in Leicestershire and my Dad used to take me racing at Leicester. Five young men, privileged and well-educated members of the British elite, decided for one reason or another to become spies or double agents for Soviet Russia: Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, John Cairncross, Anthony Blunt and, of course, the greatest betrayer of them all, Kim Philby. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[57] in January 1959. And they'd get up again at six and go out and drink some more. And what about the Russians? Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. [49] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. MI5 spycatcher Peter Wright said of Philby's attitude to women that he lived 'from bed to bed'. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. In 1940, Guy Burgess, a Soviet double agent, recruited Philby into MI6. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. Tommy passed away. 12. hilby is a promising surname to spot on the spine of a spy thriller. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. My second Novel A Double Life was The Times' Book of the Month in July 2020 and simultaneously The Observer's Thriller of the Month. I used to say he can't possibly be a double agent because he is incapable after midday. Increasingly, though, the drink was getting to him as the strain of his double life became more unbearable. He liked her spirit and engaging laugh, her slim, attractive figure. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. In the run-up to Christmas 1957, Philby received a telegram from home to tell him that Aileen, at 47, had died from 'congestive heart failure, myocardial degeneration, respiratory infection and pulmonary tuberculosis'. Harold Adrian Russell " Kim" Philby (1 Januari 1912 - 11 Mei 1988) adalah seorang perwira intelijen Inggris dan agen ganda untuk Uni Soviet. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. In 1946, Philby arranged a divorce from Litzi. Then he smiled slightly and shrugged. OK.. Kim Philby, Britain's fabled Third Man, fled to the Soviet Union 50 years ago. [71][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. [81] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. He was very good when he was around. I imagine there was a light breeze as my father stepped off the boat that day. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. But for author. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. Based on the New York Times best-selling book written by Ben Macintyre. "The only way to guarantee peace is by making the prospect of war seem hopeless.". [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. Philby was a 25-year-old reporter for The Times and had just returned from covering the Spanish Civil War when he met rebellious Aileen Furse in London in 1937. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. [45], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. By But colleagues saw something different. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. She and her late father, the spys eldest son, John, both had to live with continuing speculation about the motivation for Philbys treachery. [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. [47], Burgess's presence was awkward for Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised. (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). Like Kim, John was nothing if not full of contradictions. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. Chiefly he thought about generalizing its operation . Philby's life, on the other hand, was an investment in an ideal. 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