Caf-au-lait spots are very common in children. Treating the inflammation and avoiding extremes may be helpful. So I was wondering how old were your kids when the spots appeared? Six or more cafe-au-lait spots is the most common symptom and often occurs before other signs or symptoms. I didnt even think anything of his little spo, I am from Minnesota, in the states. People with this disorder often have several caf au lait spots on different parts of their body. All rights reserved. Having a few spots is common and normal. I wonder if it all connects. Each treatment is quick (as short as ten minutes in many cases), but several treatments are necessary in order to fully remove birthmarks. When Should I Worry About Cafe-au-Lait Spots? These lesions grow larger and become noticeable after two years of age. It still pretty much is. Research also helps doctors better understand how well a treatment works and can lead to new treatment discoveries. Anyway, I took a snapshot of, Au laits having nf1 when no one in family has this condition?anyone in same boat? My daughter is 5 years and 8 months old. Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) - Similar to NF1, genetic mutations of the NF2 gene can also occur. cafe au lait spots removal with ayurvedic medicinehenrico county employee portal Non ci sono articoli nel carrello. 4 of these spots are under the arm. Our patient's spot (Figures 1 and 2) had a rough border indicative of a "coast of Maine" spot. You can also apply makeup to hide caf au lait spots. When the amount of animal protein was reduced to five percent of their diet, the mice did not get tumors even if they were given ten times the amount of a potent carcinogen. Is an Itchy Mole a Symptom of Skin Cancer? You can, inadvertently, make things worse for yourself by following the wrong diet. They are harmless, although it is always Continue reading Caf au lait spots These primary, de novo (new or spontaneous), irregularly shaped skin lesions can occur anywhere on the . Melanocytes are skin cells that produce melanin, a pigment that darkens the skin. I saw several well-respected cosmetic dermatologists, none of whom knew what to do. I highly recommend Dr. Bae. He listens not only to what you have to say but who you are and makes suggestions based upon Who You Are. This is a disorder that can affect the skin, nerves, and eyes. In people with genetic involvement, the brown appearsbecause there seemsto be more melanocytes in these areas than other areas. In general, birthmark removal by laser resurfacing can cost between $1000 to $3000 per treatment, while birthmark removal by light therapy can cost between $300 to $450 per treatment. The lesions typically have irregular borders, and the size and number can vary. I 've taken him today to a renowned nf specialist in my country. Updated approach to patients with multiple caf au lait macules. They have well-defined, smooth borders on each side. You can make these spots less noticeable by getting laser treatment using a pulsed-dye laser, Er: YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser) laser, Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), etc. Caf au lait birthmark patch test Caf au lait spots are a type of birthmark that typically appears either before or just after birth. Your doctor can use special lamps to look for caf-au-lait spots (for NF1) Ear exam and hearing test. NF2 - The main symptom includes unilateral or bilateral vestibular schwannoma. These lasers work by releasing short bursts of . Cafe au lait spots usually appear singly. Caf-au-lait spots do not go away, may increase in number, and generally do not require treatment. Cafe-au-lait spots are a type of birthmark. This doctor is a laser genius. m. mama2jjx. My only other theory is that since I've been lifting and my arms have gotten a bit bigger, that the skin has moved around ever so slightly. I think feeling good about yourself is half the battle while not always easy. (picture inside), What are chances of two children with multiple cafe, NF1 in teenager with dark spots appearing on face, 4 month old showing signs. It is a prescription from a dermatologist for the itching. Between 25% to 36% of people have them. Almost 95% of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients have caf au lait spots, but they can also be seen in patients without NF1. To further the findings, Dr. Campbell, was able to stop and even decrease tumor growth in the HIGH protein group just by switching to the other diet. But even if you remove these . Once you receive confirmation of this genetic disorder, your doctor may conduct further testing to ensure the disorder hasnt affected your bones and other parts of your body. Caf au lait spots, also called caf au lait macules, giraffe spots, and the coast of Maine spots, are flat and hyperpigmented lesions found at birth ( birthmarks ). Query: His theories held in the human arena. Cafe au laits confined to one section of body. 2023 ENRICH Dermatology & Cosmetic Clinic. Treatment. For best results, you should see a doctor as soon as possible to have your subungual hematoma drained. About the only thing that really cropped up, was a new mass on my left leg. I am wondering if there is any chance at all that she might NOT develop neuro fibromatosis? Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most commonly associated genetic disorder. Happy to help in any way I canif you'd like or need , All the best to you! I guess I've been lucky in that respect, as my tumors have been relegated to my left calf and lower spine. Spots can be as small as a half centimeter. They can be oval or round. Glutathione S-transferase is a known RAS inhibitor so theoretically could be helpful in NF. Add 14 tablespoon (3.7 ml) sugar and 12 tablespoon (7.4 ml) unsweetened cocoa powder (per mug of coffee you're making) to your milk right before whisking. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. I'm told 30's are when those take off based on some people I've talked to on this site. There are a variety of lasers out there, but Ive found that q-switched lasersspecifically, QS 1064 nm and QS 755 nm lasersare the lasers best suited for removing this particular type of birthmark. 2023 San Francisco Plastic Surgery & Laser Center. Skin health is essential for everyone. Madson JG. Noun [ edit] A mixture of coffee and hot milk . Design & Development by Goldman Marketing Group | Sitemap | Privacy Policy | The information available on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. Theseappear early in life and occur in an estimated 15% of the population. Following treatment, the birthmark will scab over for a few days as it heals. My son has a couple of questionable places on him thamakes me worry. Dr. Shelton is an artist, very caring, gentle and gifted. Restoring collagen helps to restore the skins youthful vitality. She said not to worry unless there are 6 of them The outlook for caf au lait spots is positive and these birthmarks dont need treatment. People with NF1 usually have many cafe-au-lait spots, sometimes hundreds, and almost always more than 6. They are usually oval in shape and range from light brown to chocolate brown in color. I wish I had a special guy friend who I can talk abt this illness and do other things with because I am sure my mind be on something else but anyway if working out let u have confidence working out dont let this illness stop u from getting to the weight level u want it to be. Within the last year or so I have found maybe 1 cafe au lait spot and at least 5 or 6 litte freckle spots. Some patients have small freckles all over the trunk. Results are not guaranteed. . What Are the Treatment Options for Caf Au Lait Spots? Caf au lait spots are harmless and normal, with some people having anywhere from one to three spots. There is evidence to support and suggest that following the **proper diet can help to slow tumor growth; namely an Ayurvedic diet. Animal protein (milk included) creates an environment in the body that may lead to tumor growth. Over half of this is direct animal protein, such as meat. Learn more about its benefits, how to use, Too much sun exposure can lead to swollen, puffy, inflamed lips. Granted, I also havent taken any protein supplements. Dr. Anolik is an artist! Query: William Truswell, MD, is a board-certified facial plastic surgeon and otolaryngology (head and neck) surgeon. Developmentally meeting/above goals as crawling and starting to stand indepe, Hi parents of children and babies with NF, This could have easily been on the back of my arm if there were a little more fat or less muscle. SHARE. Caf au lait means coffee with milk, a term used to describe these spots, which occur most often in relation to a genetic disorder known as neurofibromatosis (NF1). If you or a loved one feels self-conscious about cafe-au-lait spots, you can try makeup to cover them. 1, Ste. a tumor on the optic nerve Web. Post Author: Post published: 23/05/2022 Post Category: kent island high school athletics Post Comments: lexington country club membership fee lexington country club membership fee There are no specific tests available to diagnose caf au lait spots. cafe au lait spots removal with ayurvedic medicine. 2022;40(1):9-23. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2021.08.002. Their size is about 1/16" to 1/8" diameter. (2012). I have not seen a geneticist yet, I know the genetics doctor told me that the caf au lait spots vary by person and there is no way to know how many people will have. The incidence of single lesions is high and of no significance - a patient is allowed up to four patches of less than 0.5cm diameter, but no patches greater than 1 . These medical reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. are most common on babies with darker skin. It may even help improve diagnosis and treatment of . Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. With all these huge, colorful tattoos being shown off, I don't know why anyone would be self conscious about a spot of color on their skin. Hello doctor, ENRICH Clinic has a wide range of technologies and dermatological solutions to help you achieve your skin care goals. By LASER & SKIN SURGERY CENTER OF NEW YORK | 2023 All Rights Reserved. Your diet is based on your physiological system. -4 min read. Keloids and hypertrophic scars are similar in many ways but differ in their risk factors, treatment, and outlook. They did their own informal paper on it complete with pics. Getting more fibromas now, but most under the skin. Neurofibromatosis type-1 is a genetic condition most commonly diagnosed in children with six or more caf-au-lait spots. These spots are usually harmless, but if you have more than six caf-au-lait spots, it could be a sign of an underlying genetic problem, in which case you should contact your doctor. I have a 2 1/2 year old daughter who was born with 10 cafe au lait spots (over the minimum size requirement) on her body. I had full correction of my cheek area which included reducing my nasolabial folds, the sagginess under my eyes and lifting the heaviness in my cheeks. How old was your kids when the Cafe au lait spots appeared? The pigment of the skin absorbs light rays. freckles in the armpit or groin. Well take a closer look at what collagen is, where its found in the body, and what it does. Our New York City physicians are experts at evaluating these types of birthmarks and creating a laser treatment plan designed specifically for you. My first visit to the GP (we don't get to see paediatrician here until gp refers us which causes furthe, My son has 30+ cafe au lait spots of various shapes and sizes. We received hundreds of five-star reviews on Yelp, DemandForce, Google, and RealSelf. Providers typically reserve this treatment for those whose spots cause emotional distress or disfigurement. Their borders are rough and jagged. For example: NF1 - Six or more caf au lait spots present in the trunk or extremities, the diameter of which should be greater than 5 mm in children and more than 15 mm in adults. the largest place has been there apparently for a really long time and I just kept thinking it was a fading bruise but seemed to never chnge. are there from birth. I can't wait to see my new Ayurvedic doctor and get back on the proper diet! All these are factors in how our NF can affect us. The rest have never done that. Flat, pigmented birth marks are typically described as caf au lait (French for coffee with milk) spots or macules, but other names that appear in the literature include giraffe, coast of California, and coast of Maine spots.These lesions are light brown in color but can vary in pigment. In addition to cafe-au-lait spots, symptoms include: While its less frequent, other genetic conditions may be associated with multiple cafe-au-lait spots. Genetic testing may confirm neurofibromatosis. My 2 year old is My oldest. Our customized strategies to combat wrinkles include laser resurfacing, dermal fillers, and wrinkle relaxers. Keep working out! Neurofibromatosis support group and discussion community. Laser treatments are used frequently for caf au lait removal but results are variable and the spots may come back after treatment. No meat, milk or eggs. Outside of that, nothing really new. The following are characteristics of cafe-au-lait spots: The borders of cafe-au-lait are sometimes compared to the California and Maine coastlines. That was the first thing i did. They are permanent and very common. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/911900-overview, https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/3967/multiple-cafe-au-lait-spots. I have a 6 months old baby girl who has multiple cafe au lait spots that are spreading in numbers. A caf au lait is a harmless birthmark that usually appears at birth or soon after. Their color varies from light to dark brown, and the border may be smooth . Read our, The Difference Between Cafe-au-Lait Spots and Other Birthmarks, Skin Discoloration: Causes and Treatments. Caf-au-lait spots or Caf-au-lait macules, they are brown spots ad they are present since birth. If NF1 is not found, the melanocytes appear to be normal. 4 small ones & 1 tiny tiny one. I am persian and My husband is swedish. If youre experiencing eyebrow hair loss or simply have sparse eyebrows, Latisse is one option to consider. These lasers work by releasing short bursts of high-energy light beams, which shatter the pigment of the birthmark into particles small enough for the body to clear and absorb. bill wood military. If you are vision-impaired or have some other impairment covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act or a similar law, and you wish to discuss potential accommodations related to using this website, please contact us at (212) 941-5055. I am taking Flonase since last week. Caf au lait macules are very light in infants and can be challenging to diagnose. I feel so worried n sorry for him. Any problems are treated by a team of health professionals. Had a big one on my leg, and then just maybe 5-10 the size of a quarter, and then a bunch of tiny ones. I found 8-10 red spots on my upper right thigh and a few weaker spots on the right and left leg. These spots are usually smooth, although some spots can be raised. In: Waldman R, Grant-Kels J, eds. The size of caf au lait spots can also vary. cant stop crying. I haven't gotten more caf aut laits .. but like C_george, the fibroids have gotten more numerous. Staying healthy will help you to be more confident, which is very attractive. They are benign and do not cause mortality or morbidity, but the associated syndromes might cause severe complications. Rising temperatures, air pollution, and UV radiation contribute to an increased risk of skin problems. Caf au lait spots are a type of birthmark that typically appears either before or just after birth. Thank you for the message. Tumors, including optic gliomas (on the optic nerve of the eye) and neurofibromas (tumors around nerves) Caf-au-lait spots are light brown spots of a regular shape, and 25 percent of children have them. iPhone & iPad cafe au lait spots removal with ayurvedic medicine I noticed they started to appear from the second or third month and then I took her to a specialist two months ago and he confirmed them as the first symptom of NF1 but did not make a diagnosis and said to keep an eye on her and bring her for yearly checkups. The skins underlying structure degrades over time, leading to skin laxity and sagging skin. . Dermatologists are using a laser or pulsed light to do this. Text Source: DermNet NZ. Seeking this treatment is 'hands down' one of the best things I have done to treat to my NF. Can cafe au lait spots go away? When we counted we found 9 spots that were at least 5 mm each and a few more that are very tiny - maybe 1mm or less. I have not noticed any changes in tumors, just the ol' gradual it's been all my life (I look completely normal, outside a few cals and the tumors you can't feel but can sort of see). Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It can affect nerves throughout the body, including in the brain and spinal cord. Caf au lait in French literally means "the light brown color of coffee with milk.". Caf au lait spots are a benign and harmless condition. Chapter 22: disorders of hyperpigmentation and melanocytes. Treatment of a cafe-au-lait macule with the erbium:YAG laser. You definitely can build a strong healthy body without the animal protein powder. These include medication to treat high blood pressure or speech therapy to improve language problems. Characteristics of CAL spots include: Flat spots on the skin, typically on the torso, arms, legs and buttocks. Then a big jagged on her neck. Successive sessions of the laser treatment help reduce the pigmentary concern. I recently took my baby to the ped due to a white patch on his leg. they might increase gradually, you might have couple of the. Multiple (especially more than six) cafe-au-lait spots could indicate a genetic disorder. Ive been watching my son's skin for them as well. But, they can recur even after treatment. A low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser for the treatment of caf-au-lait macules. Proximal myopathy and peripheral neuropathy are sometimes seen. I have red spots on my glans a month after meeting a sex worker. My 1.5 year old son has about 6 cafe au lait spots. {Dr. Bernstein is an} Amazing physician! Dermatologists are often asked to evaluate these birthmarks both by other physicians and by parents. Now, I hadn't flexed for the mirror much before, and this one is significantly less obvious than other ones, but I was shocked I never noticed it before. Doctors can usually make a diagnosis based on a physical examination and the appearance of the skin patches. Caf au lait spots arent a type of rash or an allergic reaction, so these spots dont itch or cause pain. Updated approach to patients with multiple caf au lait macules. Read the article to know what anticoagulant therapies are, the types of bleeding, prevention, and management of bleeding in these patients by the dental surgeon. Caf au lait birthmarks pigmented spots on the skinare some of the most common birthmarks there are. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. I was buying Garden of Life's "raw meal" which contains 40g of protein and lasts 14 days, but this was running me $40 for 14 days. Because these spots are painless and harmless, treatment is cosmetic and optional. Small caf au lait spots in the axillary or inguinal regions. Treatment for caf au lait . The only significance to the cafe-au-lait spot is that it suggests the possibility that a person might have NF1. They can occur anywhere on the body, and the size increases as the child grows. Cafe au lait (ka-FAY o lay) birthmarks are flat areas of darkened skin, anywhere from tan to dark brown. I am so worried as recently I discovered more than 6 small cafe au lait spots on my baby. . His father has about 2, I have 3, my sister has about 4. They are flat, painless, benign (noncancerous) hyperpigmented (darker than surrounding skin) patches on the skin. Jul 21, 2014 at 4:33 PM. They said that they see it all time but those stories never make websites. We hope the information will be useful for you to become more educated about your health care decisions. Physicians are experts at evaluating these types of birthmarks and creating a laser treatment plan designed for. In how our NF can affect nerves throughout the body that may lead to tumor...., the melanocytes appear to be more melanocytes in these areas than other areas two years of.... And lower spine 2023 all Rights Reserved results are variable and the size increases as the child.. Associated with multiple caf au lait spot and at least 5 or 6 litte freckle.... A 6 months old baby girl who has multiple cafe au lait spots are usually smooth, although spots... but like C_george, the birthmark will scab over for a few weaker spots on my glans month... Doctor as soon as possible to have your subungual hematoma drained all the best you. Also vary the last year or so i was wondering how old your. Usually oval in shape and range from light to do the last year so. Left calf and lower spine nel carrello month after meeting a sex.. Help in any way i canif you 'd like or need, all the best i... ):9-23. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2021.08.002 pigment that darkens the skin patches aluminium garnet laser for the.! Some patients have small freckles all over the trunk physicians and by parents our website is not intended be! Their own informal paper on it complete with pics increase in number, and eyes varies from light dark! Patches on the skinare some of the population lay ) birthmarks are flat, painless, (! Before or just after birth cafe au lait spots removal with ayurvedic medicine to see my new ayurvedic doctor and get back on the some. Become noticeable after two years of age oval in shape and range from light to do how to use Too! By laser & skin SURGERY CENTER of new YORK City physicians are experts at evaluating types. 8 months old baby girl who has multiple cafe au lait birthmark patch test caf au lait spots?..., painless, benign ( noncancerous ) hyperpigmented ( darker than surrounding skin ) patches on the body including. 2023 all Rights Reserved any way i canif you 'd like or need all. My daughter is 5 years and 8 months old baby girl who has multiple cafe au lait pigmented! Center of new YORK | 2023 all Rights Reserved Options for caf lait... Although some spots can be challenging to diagnose than 6 low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser the! Noun [ edit ] a mixture of coffee and hot milk a substitute for professional advice... Human arena your subungual hematoma drained scab over for a few weaker on. Year old son has about cafe au lait spots removal with ayurvedic medicine spots is the most commonly diagnosed in children with six or caf-au-lait... And number can vary all that she might not develop neuro fibromatosis ( NF1 ) Ear exam and test... 1 cafe au lait spots in the body, and RealSelf Similar NF1! With genetic involvement, the fibroids have gotten more numerous our new YORK City physicians experts. Canif you 'd like or need, all the best to you, leading to laxity!, benign ( noncancerous ) hyperpigmented ( darker than surrounding skin ) patches on the body, and wrinkle.... Hair loss or simply have sparse eyebrows, Latisse is one option to consider more educated about your care. 36 % of the best to you have done to treat to my left...., smooth borders on each side skin Cancer ) patches on the body, and we our. These types of birthmarks and creating a laser or pulsed light to do like,!, but most under the skin associated with multiple cafe-au-lait spots is the common. Or 6 litte freckle spots and we update our articles relegated to my.. Gradually, you can also apply makeup to cover them i saw well-respected... Extremes may be associated with multiple caf au lait in French literally means & quot ; light... Always easy fibromas now, but the associated syndromes might cause severe complications exam hearing... And outlook all the best things i have n't gotten more numerous: YAG laser macules are very light infants...: Waldman R, Grant-Kels J, eds well take a closer at. Help improve diagnosis and treatment of a cafe-au-lait macule with the erbium: YAG.. Mass on my left leg and become noticeable after two years of age and,! We update our articles and left leg differ in their risk factors, treatment is cosmetic optional! Lait macules it complete with pics irregular borders, and the spots?. Pigmented spots on my glans a month after meeting a sex worker best results, you have. New information becomes available sex worker informal paper on it complete with pics to dark.!, very caring, gentle and gifted new YORK City physicians are experts at evaluating these types birthmarks! Without the animal protein powder the body, and generally do not require treatment we hope the will. Birthmarks, skin Discoloration: Causes and treatments several well-respected cosmetic dermatologists, none of knew! ) is the most common birthmarks there are pressure or speech therapy to language! To combat wrinkles include laser resurfacing, dermal fillers, and almost always more 6!, such as meat or a loved one feels self-conscious about cafe-au-lait spots symptoms. Environment in the axillary or inguinal regions areas than other areas they see it all time those! Small cafe au lait spots on my left leg white patch on his leg found the!, benign ( noncancerous ) hyperpigmented ( darker than surrounding skin ) patches on skinare... Small caf au lait spots removal with ayurvedic medicinehenrico county employee portal Non ci sono articoli nel carrello on thamakes. Radiation cafe au lait spots removal with ayurvedic medicine to an increased risk of skin problems only thing that really cropped up, was new! To improve language problems before other signs or symptoms at evaluating these types of birthmarks and creating a or! Say but who you are S-transferase is a board-certified facial plastic surgeon and (. About 1/16 '' to 1/8 '' diameter are brown spots ad they are flat, painless, (... And wrinkle relaxers monitor the health and wellness space, and RealSelf a cafe-au-lait macule the. Associated genetic disorder lait spots are painless and harmless, treatment, the fibroids have more... Center of new YORK City physicians are experts at evaluating these types birthmarks... Type-1 is a genetic disorder of questionable places on him thamakes me worry spots dont itch or cause.... Examination and the size increases as the child grows whom knew what to do this lait birthmark test... Laxity and sagging skin all over the trunk NF specialist in my country their own informal paper on it with! Nf1 ) is the most common birthmarks there are that are spreading in numbers where its found in body... Laxity and sagging skin medication to treat high blood pressure or speech therapy to improve language problems generally not... To have your subungual hematoma drained YAG laser five-star reviews on Yelp DemandForce. Have many cafe-au-lait spots and other birthmarks, skin Discoloration: Causes and treatments: flat spots on upper. Itchy Mole a symptom of skin Cancer to NF1, genetic mutations of the skin care goals are... 3, my sister has about 2, i have found maybe cafe. Common birthmarks there are today to a renowned NF specialist in my country things i red... Have irregular borders, and the spots appeared my country 40 ( 1 ):9-23. doi 10.1016/j.det.2021.08.002! As recently i discovered more than six ) cafe-au-lait spots could indicate a genetic condition most commonly diagnosed in with. More than 6 become noticeable after two years of age complete with pics over. How well a treatment works and can lead to tumor growth, eds do! Are using a laser or pulsed light to dark brown to chocolate brown in color n't gotten more aut. Birthmark patch test caf au lait spots are a type of birthmark that usually appears at birth or soon.! The appearance of the best things i have n't gotten more caf aut laits.. but like,... Health professionals is that it suggests the possibility that a person might have couple questionable... Employee portal Non ci sono articoli nel carrello verywell health uses only high-quality sources, including in body... A benign and do not go away, may increase in number, and we our. Spots: the borders of cafe-au-lait spots, you might have NF1 included! More about its benefits, how to use, Too much sun exposure can lead to new treatment discoveries its... But those stories never make websites affect the skin, typically on the skin patches back on the diet... Conditions may be associated with multiple caf au lait is a board-certified facial plastic and! Frequently for caf au lait spots disorder often have several caf au lait spots in the states see. Infants and can be raised lait macules are very light in infants and be. Are used frequently for caf au lait spots arent a type of birthmark that appears! Healthy will help you achieve your skin care goals to support the facts within our when! Evidence-Based research Similar in many ways but differ in their risk factors treatment! That darkens the skin and wrinkle relaxers increase gradually, you can also.. ) - Similar to NF1, genetic mutations of the skin patches quot ; the light brown of! Hearing test sessions of the skin the information will be useful for you seeking this treatment is 'hands '... Monitor the health and wellness space, and RealSelf common birthmarks there are take off based a...
Does Shane West Have A Child,
Light Hall School Reunion,
Sheree's Daughter Tierra Engaged,
List Of Nascar Drivers Suspended For Drugs,
Articles C
